Terpenes have become a crucial topic in cannabis research and consumer awareness in 2024. While cannabinoids like THC and CBD are commonly known for their impact on the body, terpenes play an equally significant role in shaping cannabis experiences. From the distinctive aromas of different strains to the varying therapeutic effects, terpenes are at the heart of it all.
This guide explores cannabis terpenes, their benefits, and how they work alongside cannabinoids to enhance the overall cannabis experience.
What is a Terpene & How do they work?
What are Terpenes?
Terpenes are naturally occurring aromatic compounds found in plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the wide variety of scents that plants emit, from the citrusy tang of lemons to the piney freshness of certain coniferous trees. In cannabis, terpenes not only define the plant’s unique aroma but also influence its effects. But what are cannabis terpenes specifically, and why do they matter?
Cannabis contains more than 100 different types of terpenes, each contributing to the overall profile of a strain. When asking, “What are cannabis terpenes,” it’s crucial to understand that they do more than just make the plant smell good — they have the potential to affect your mood, energy levels, and even your pain perception.
Where do Terpenes come from?
Terpenes in cannabis are produced in the same glands where THC and CBD are made. These compounds are naturally synthesized as part of the plant’s defense mechanism against predators and environmental stressors. For example, cannabis sativa strains rich in specific terpenes often evolved to deter herbivores or to attract pollinators. Terpenes in weed give each strain its distinct scent and flavor, ranging from fruity and sweet to earthy and spicy.
How do Terpenes affect the body?
Cannabis terpenes effects vary depending on the terpene and how it interacts with your body. For instance, myrcene has sedative properties, while limonene is known to elevate mood and reduce stress. By interacting with the body’s endocannabinoid system, terpenes can enhance or modulate the effects of cannabinoids, like THC and CBD, through the entourage effect. This phenomenon occurs when cannabinoids and terpenes work synergistically to deliver more profound therapeutic benefits than when they are isolated.
How do Terpenes alter the High?
Many people wonder how terpenes influence the psychoactive effects of cannabis. The truth is, while terpenes don’t get you high on their own, they can modify the intensity and nature of a cannabis high. For example, limonene is thought to produce a more energetic and uplifting experience, whereas linalool might calm and relax you. This is why two strains with identical THC levels can have very different effects — it’s all about their terpene complex and how the terpenes and cannabinoids interact.
The most common types of Cannabis Terpenes
There are dozens of terpenes found in cannabis, but some are more prevalent and studied than others. Let’s explore some of the top cannabis terpenes and their unique profiles:
Myrcene
- Aroma: Earthy, musky, with hints of cloves.
- Effects: Sedative, relaxing.
- Cannabis Terpenes Benefits: Often found in indica strains, myrcene is known for its calming effects and is commonly used for pain relief and insomnia.
Limonene
- Aroma: Citrus, lemon, and orange.
- Effects: Uplifting, mood-enhancing.
- Cannabis Terpenes Benefits: Helps alleviate stress and anxiety. Often found in sativa strains, limonene can improve focus and energy.
Humulene
- Aroma: Woody, earthy, with a subtle spice.
- Effects: Anti-inflammatory, appetite suppressant.
- Benefits: Often found in hops, humulene may help with inflammation and appetite regulation.
Linalool
- Aroma: Floral, lavender-like.
- Effects: Relaxing, calming.
- Benefits: Linalool is believed to promote stress relief and enhance sleep, making it ideal for those struggling with anxiety.
Pinene
- Aroma: Pine, fresh, sharp.
- Effects: Improved focus and memory retention.
- Benefits: Often found in cannabis sativa, pinene is believed to have bronchodilator effects, making it useful for asthma sufferers.
Beta-Caryophyllene
- Aroma: Peppery, spicy.
- Effects: Anti-inflammatory, pain relief.
- Benefits: Unique among terpenes because it binds to cannabinoid receptors, beta-caryophyllene may help with inflammation and anxiety.
Ocimene
- Aroma: Sweet, herbal, with citrus undertones.
- Effects: Energizing.
- Benefits: May help with decongestion and anti-inflammatory conditions.
Terpinolene
- Aroma: Sweet, piney, floral.
- Effects: Relaxing, sedative.
- Benefits: Often found in sativa terpenes, terpinolene is believed to offer antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Therapeutic benefits of Terpenes
In 2024, research into natural cannabis terpenes and their therapeutic properties has advanced significantly. Beyond just aroma and flavor, terpenes are thought to provide a variety of health benefits. Here are some potential therapeutic applications:
Antiviral
Certain terpenes like pinene have been studied for their antiviral properties, which could help in reducing viral infections.
Anticancer
Preliminary studies suggest that some terpenes may have anti-cancer properties, making them a promising area for future research.
Antidepressant
Limonene and linalool are known to boost mood and alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Antimicrobial
Many terpenes, including beta-caryophyllene and humulene, have shown antimicrobial properties, which could help fight infections.
Pain Relief
Certain terpenes, such as myrcene and caryophyllene, have been shown to reduce inflammation and offer pain-relieving benefits.
Tips for maximizing Terpenes benefits
To get the most out of cannabis terpenes, consider the following tips:
- Low-Temperature Vaping: Many terpenes are heat-sensitive, so vaporizing at lower temperatures can help preserve their benefits.
- Full-Spectrum Products: Look for cannabis products that offer full-spectrum extracts, as they contain a broader range of cannabinoids and terpenes.
How are Terpenes different from Cannabinoids?
While terpenes and cannabinoids both contribute to the effects of cannabis, they are chemically distinct. Cannabinoids like THC and CBD bind directly to receptors in the endocannabinoid system, while terpenes modulate these effects by interacting indirectly. Terpenes also provide aroma and flavor, while cannabinoids are responsible for the psychoactive and medicinal properties of the plant.
Final Words
In 2024, cannabis terpenes are more than just a passing trend — they are an integral part of how we experience and benefit from cannabis. Whether you’re a seasoned user or new to the world of cannabis, understanding how terpenes work can help you make more informed choices, allowing you to select strains tailored to your specific needs.
FAQs
What are cannabis terpenes and what do they do?
Cannabis terpenes are aromatic compounds that define the flavor, scent, and effects of a cannabis strain. They interact with cannabinoids to enhance or modify the plant’s effects on the body and mind.
What are the best terpenes in 2024?
The best terpenes in 2024 depend on individual needs. Popular terpenes like myrcene, limonene, and beta-caryophyllene are often sought for their therapeutic effects, including relaxation, pain relief, and stress reduction.
What terpenes are in future strain?
Future strains are likely to include a mix of limonene, pinene, and beta-caryophyllene due to their desirable effects and versatility in medical and recreational use.
What are the negative side effects of terpenes?
While terpenes are generally safe, high concentrations may cause irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. For example, limonene can cause skin irritation when applied topically in large amounts.
What defines a terpene?
Terpenes are defined by their molecular structure and their ability to impart aroma, flavor, and therapeutic effects.
What is the difference between terpenes and cannabinoids?
The key difference is that cannabinoids bind directly to the endocannabinoid receptors in the body, while terpenes enhance the effects of cannabinoids without binding to these receptors.